金华毕业论文翻译文章

本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式

论文常用来指进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章，简称之为论文。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。它包括学年论文、毕业论文、学位论文、科技论文、成果论文等。以下是我精心整理的本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

本科毕业设计论文外文翻译基本格式

一、要求

1、与毕业论文分开单独成文。

2、两篇文献。

二、基本格式

1、文献应以英、美等国家公开发表的文献为主（Journals from English speaking countries）。

2、毕业论文翻译是相对独立的，其中应该包括题目、作者（可以不翻译）、译文的出处（杂志的名称）（5号宋体、写在文稿左上角）、关键词、摘要、前言、正文、总结等几个部分。

3、文献翻译的字体、字号、序号等应与毕业论文格式要求完全一致。

4、文中所有的图表、致谢及参考文献均可以略去，但在文献翻译的末页标注：图表、致谢及参考文献已略去（见原文）（空一行，字体同正文）。

5、原文中出现的'专用名词及人名、地名、参考文献可不翻译，并同原文一样在正文中标明出处。

三、毕业论文设计外文翻译的内容要求

外文翻译内容必须与所选课题相关，外文原文不少于6000个印刷符号。译文末尾要用外文注明外文原文出处。

外文翻译要求：

1、外文资料与毕业设计(论文)选题密切相关，译文准确、质量好。

2、阅读2篇幅以上(10000字符左右)的外文资料，完成2篇不同文章的共2000汉字以上的英译汉翻译

3、外文资料可以由指导教师提供，外文资料原则上应是外国作者。严禁采用专业外语教材文章。

4、排序：“一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文、一篇中文译文、一篇外文原文”。插图内文字及图名也译成中文。

5、标题与译文格式(字体、字号、行距、页边距等)与论文格式要求相同。

下页附：外文翻译与原文参考格式

英文翻译 (黑体、四号、顶格)

外文原文出处：(译文前列出外文原文出处、作者、国籍，译文后附上外文原文)

Thesis For Graduation毕业论文Thesis For Academic Degree学位论文Thesis表示比较严肃的文章，是带有一定目的的，研究性的文章。学位论文，研究报告。

Haiti Earthquake of 2010 March 19, 2010 A delegation of experts on human rights in Haiti prepares to testify before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights on March 23rd. The delegation will urge the Commission to formally investigate the human rights impact of post-earthquake aid in Haiti and guide donor States regarding their obligations when delivering assistance. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 19, 2010 In anticipation of the March 31 Donors' Conference on Haiti, over 300 NGOs from around the world sent a letter to donor states calling on them to embrace the human rights and dignity of all Haitians as the driving force behind international assistance in rebuilding Haiti. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 16, 2010 January’s earthquake has prompted hundreds of thousands of Haitians to leave Port-au-Prince, reversing a decades-long migration from the countryside. — NYT March 15, 2010 New Orleans Law School professor Jeanne M. Woods draws on the experience of Hurricane Katrina to advocate for a "human rights approach" to aid for Haiti, which would provide Haitians with control over their own destiny and long-term support for their basic needs. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 15, 2010 Successful and sustainable development projects require including the Haitian people themselves in the planning and execution. But as Loune Viaud of Partners in Health and Monika Kalra Varma of the RFK Center for Human Rights observe, "Those who have the greatest stake in rebuilding Haiti, Haitians themselves, don’t now and never have had a real seat at the table." — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti March 12, 2010 Elderly Haitians find themselves distinctly vulnerable and emotionally burdened after January's earthquake. — NYT March 9, 2010 In the aftermath of the earthquake, Haiti faces the added challenge of the growing number of amputees and other disabled victims of the catastrophe. There is a pressing need for prostheses and a rehabilitation infrastructure before it's too late. — Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti Table of Contents Overview Relief Efforts Haitian Government Response Earthquakes in the Caribbean Social Conditions in Haiti Americans Accused of Child Trafficking How to Help Complete Coverage Overview Updated: Feb. 19, 2010 By THE NEW YORK TIMES A massive earthquake struck Haiti just before 5 . on Jan. 12, about 10 miles southwest of Port-au-Prince, the country's capital. The quake was the worst in the region in more than 200 years. A study by the Inter-American Development Bank estimates that the cost could be between $ billion to $ billion, based on a death toll from 200,000 to 250,000.

Market Research and Export Promotion Export Marketing Plan The marking plan is the basis on which all the overseas promotion is formulated. To devise the marketing plan involves reconciling the export strategies and objectives of the manufacturer into marketing marketing plan embraces many elements including market research project, promotion/advertising details, products involved and their quantity available, distribution arrangements and total volume/value of goods Where relevant, various costing information should be included, particularly the research and advertising budget. Overall; the plan must be realistic and should have a clear sense of purpose and direction Export Market Research Before making goods for a new overseas market, as in the home trade, it is necessary to discover first of all if the goods can be sold profitably in that market. To answer that question is one of the objects of market research. Export market research, in particular, is a study of a given market abroad to determine the needs of that market and the methods by which the products; can best be supplied. It may be carried out to determine: 1. If a new product likely to find a market. 2. Whether an established product is likely to meet with a good demand in a new market. sales of a product have declined, either generally or in a certain area Here, in this chapter is laid on the first point: Market research is vital to success in overseas Markets To look for a suitable market an exporter must consider, for example: and Economic Conditions Countries with different political and economic systems take different attitudes toward foreign trade policies and regulations concerning import and export，foreign exchange control，customs, duties and other tariffs will greatly affect the suitability for a new market. and Climatic Conditions The suitability of his products: heavy clothing is not worn in hot climates; mountaineering equipment would not be in demand in a flat country. 3. Social Conditions If there is a low standard．of living with poor wage levels, there nay be no market for television sets or cars or luxury products. It may be desirable, even necessary,for price lists and sales promotion literature to be translated into a local language,with local units of measurement 5 and of the survey questionnaire and in the interviewing process. Surveys may be very expensive, and they are time--consuming: Another key weakness is that respondents often cannot or will not give true answers. The interviewing in the survey may be done by the researcher in person, by telephone, or by mail. Interviews Personal interviews are more flexible than the other two types because interviews can alter the questions to fit-the situation as they see it: They are able to probe snore deeply if an answer is not satisfactory. Ordinarily, it is possible to obtain more information by personal interview .than by telephone: or mail. Also, the interview can by observation; obtain data regarding the respondents'socioeconomic status-their home ,neighborhood, and apparent standard of living. The major limitations of this method of interviewing are its relative high cost, the length of time needed to conduct the survey, and the chance of introducing ,errors during the interviewing. 2. Telephone Survey In a telephone survey, the respondent, is approached by telephone, and interview is completed at that time. Telephone surveys can usually be conducted more rapidly and at less cost than either personal or mail surveys. Tele: phone surveys are lees flexible than personal Interviews, but more flexible than mail survey. Another significant advantage is that a telephone. survey -may be timely. For instance, people may be asked whether they are watching television at the moment and; if so, the name of the program and the sponsor. One limitation of the telephone survey is that interviews must be short: Lengthy interviews cannot be conducted satisfactorily over the phone. by Mail Interviewing by mail involves mailing a questionnaire to potential respondents and having them return the completed form by mail. Mailed questionnaires ape more economical than personal interviews and are particularly useful in national surveys,Also, if the respondents remain anonymous, they are more likely to give true answers because they do not feel the need to impress the interviewer. A major problem with mail' questionnaires is the Compilation of a good mailing list, especially for a broad-scale survey. If the sample can be drawn from a limited list, such as property taxpayers in certain counties or subscribers to a magazine, the list presents no significant limitation concerns the reliability of the questionnaire returns, Particularly when the returns are-anonymous. If the respondents have characteristics that 6 differentiate them from nonrespondents, the survey results will be invalid. Further,the questionnaire must be reasonably shorted the questions very simple; there is no to explain in a puzzling question. Ideally :Yes.'' or“No" or prechoice type of :produces the best results. Here is an example: Questionnaire for Market＿Research on Smoking A. Do you smoke cigarettes? Yes/No (If No,terminate) B How. many do you smoke a day? C. What size of cigarette do you smoke ? Mini ,Standard ,Large D. Do you smoke filter tips.? Yes/No E. Do you smoke menthol cigarettes?一Yes/No Observational Method In the observational method, the data are collected by observing some action of the respondent: No interviews are involved, although an interview may be used as a follow-up to-get additional information. For instance,if customers are observed buying beer in cans instead of bottles; they may be asked; why they prefer that one form of packaging to the other. Information may be gathered by personal or mechanical observation. In one form of personal observation the researcher poses as a customer in a store. This technique is useful in getting information about the caliber of the -sales people，or in determining what brands they push. Mechanical observation is illustrated by an electric cord stretched across a high way to count the number一of cars that pass during a certain time period The observation method has several merits. It can be highly accurate．Often it removes a11 doubt about what the customer does in: a given, situation. The consumers are unaware that they are being observed; so presumably they action theft usual fashion. The observation technique reduces interviewer bias. However, the possibility of bias is not- completely eliminated as long as people are used as :observers. Another disadvantage is that the technique is limited in its application. Observation tells what happened; but it cannot tell why. It cannot delve into motives, attitudes,or opinions. Experimental Method The experimental method of gathering primary data involves the establishment of a controlled experiment that stimulates the real market situation as much as possible. The theory is that' the small-scale experiment will furnish valuable information f tar designing a large scale marketing program. 7 The experimental method may be used in several different ways. In one instance, a firm may manufacture a few units of a product and give them to employees or consumers to try out: Probably the major application of the experimental method has been in market testing. This technique consist establishing a control market, in which all factors remain constant and one or more test markets,in which one factor is varied. A firm may be trying to determine whether to change the color of its city A, the product is marketed in its traditional color. In each of cities B, C, and D, a different color is used. All other factor are kept constant. By measuring sales in the four market over a period of time;．the manufacturer, hopes to determine which color is most effective. The outstanding merit of the experimental method is it realism. It is the only one of the three methods of gathering primary data that stimulate an actual maket situation. The problem is that it is requires long periods of careful planning and administration. Analyze the Data and Prepare a Report The final steps in market research project are to analyze the data and interpret the findings. Information gathered from market research is a guide to the invention，production and sales of the products for which there is a market. Today sophisticated electronic data processing equipment enables a researcher to tabulate and analyze masses of data quickly, and inexpensively. The end product of the investigation is the researcher's conclusion and recommendations, submitted, in written form on which the company's policy and proceedings concerning export promotion are based. Export Promotion-Advertising After deciding there are good prospects, for his goods abroad through the study of the market research investigation, the maker or the exporter will, of course; take measures to promote, exporting of the goods to that market. A most important measure in this respect is to advertise; the aid to trade that deals with the problem of giving information about the goods and 0helps to put buyers and sellers in touch with one another. By means of advertisements a supplier, tells people what goods he has for sale and emphasizes their good points in the hope that people will buy them. Advertising can, be undertaken by the company's sales or publicity department; or an advertising agcy is to be．engaged as an adviser. Purpose of Advertising Inform 8 Advertising can be used to place facts before public. An advertisement for a car may include some technical details, so that part of the advertisement is informative. Another advertisement may be .entirely informative,such as the announcement of the opening of a new To Persuade although the advertisement for the car may give some facts, its over-all objective is to persuade people to buy the car. To do this various subtle methods may be used. The illustration, for instance; may give an exaggerated impression of the car's power The wording and the lay-out may be designed to appeal to the emotion rather than the mind: If you study some advertisement for practical products, you will find that they contain little or no technical information. One would not expect to find a .scientific analysis in an' advertisement for a cake of toilet soap, of course, but an examination of advertisement for. medicinal goods will show that the appeal is mainly to the : To Remind Some advertisements aim merely to keep the name of :the product before the public. A newspaper advertisement may consist of only a picture of a packet of cigarettes; a bus may carry,the name of an insurance company; a poster may display a well-known advertising phrase. They say nothing but serve a useful. purpose in constantly reminding the public of, the, name of the product Advertising Media The term "media" means the forms used 'to carry advertisement. The choice of media depends upon the product and the audience the advertisement is aimed at For example, very few people are interested in coins. A coin dealer would want to appeal to that small number of people and to no one else. He would therefore advertise in a magazine which most coin enthusiasts read. The cost of advertising in newspapers large depends upon the circulation of each a newspaper sells a million copies, it is possible (although not probable) that a million people will read an advertisement in it. Some pages in a newspaper are more expensive to advertise in than are others, because most people will read the general news pages but only some will the pages devoted to sport, fashion, the arts; etc. Different一types of people read different newspapers, so an advertiser will use those papers whose readers are likely to be possible buyers of his products. For example, an art gallery would not advertise in a "popular" news paper because few of its readers would be likely to be visitors to art galleries. 2 Magazines The same principles about which media to use also apply to magazines. There are magazines which men read, those which women read and those which both read. Within each 9 group there is specialization, so that one magazine will be read by one "social group" and not by another. 3. Radio and Television These are the most、expensive of advertising media. A broadcast at a "peak time"will be heard or seen by millions of people: If only a tiny fraction of them respond, the huge cost twill have been justified. One reason for the success of such advertising is that it is difficult to ignore. A broadcast will be heard: or seen by everyone using a radio or television set; even if only subconsciously, it will make an impression. On the other hand, when you read a newspaper or a magazine you will not even notice most of the advertisements A radio or television advertisement must make an instant appeal. There may be only 30 seconds to get the message across; so its impacts must be immediate. 4 Outdoor Advertising This includes posters, advertisements on vans and buses and in trains. The message must be simple and short, perhaps with an immediately recognizable illustration. Selection of Customers-Credit information Once the overseas' market has been found, the next step is to look for suitable customers with whom the maker or exporter expects to establish good business relationships. Undoubtedly, he wishes to deal with those customers of high credit standing, and that is one of the chief factors to consider at the tune of setting up new business information about the credit or financial standing of an overseas trader can be obtained from various sources. They are chiefly banks, trade associations professional credit information services, and consulates abroad. Upon application for or on receipt of letters asking for the credit standing of the foreign trader in question these organizations are willing to provide, without any responsibility on their part,a credit or financial report on the trader, which is usually considered as private and confidential. The report is based on the relative references, files, and records they have kept or on the result of an investigation made accordingly. In view of the financial or credit status stated or recommended in the report alongside of other factors the maker .or manufacturer may freely consider the intended customer acceptable or not.

感谢培养教育我的XX学校，XX浓厚的学术氛围，舒适的学习环境我将终生难忘！祝母校蒸蒸日上，永创辉煌！祝校长财源滚滚，仕途顺利！感谢对我倾囊赐教、鞭策鼓励的XX大学X系诸位师长，诸位恩师的谆谆训诲我将铭记在心。祝恩师们身体健康，家庭幸福！感谢论文中引文的原作者，他们都是法学界的名师大家，大师风范，高山仰止。祝他们寿域无疆，德业永辉！感谢同窗好友XXX、XXX、XX、XX、XXX以及更多我无法逐一列出名字的朋友，他们和我共同度过了四年美好难忘的大学时光，我非常珍视和他们的友谊！祝他们前程似锦，事业有成！家有娇妻，外有二房！最最感谢生我养我的父母，他们给予了我最无私的爱，为我的成长付出了许多许多，焉得谖草，言树之背，养育之恩，无以回报，惟愿他们健康长寿！感谢我的牌友孙XX、杨XX、杨XX、王X、赵X，他们和我一起度过了大四无聊的时光，让我在写作之余能有很好的休闲活动。祝他们以后多培养牌坛新秀！感谢我的烟友姜X、丁X、冯XX、田XX。在我没烟抽的时候他们总能毫无吝惜的将自己的烟分给我抽，尤其是在本文写作过程中，我废寝忘食，足不出户，烟抽的很快，他们给予我很大帮助，燃上一支烟，文思如泉涌，快乐似神仙！祝他们永远都有好烟抽！最后要感谢我自己，没有自己的努力，本文是无论如何业完不成的！感谢我以最大的毅力完成了四年大学学习，在这个环境里我能洁身自爱，出淤泥而不染保持一颗纯洁的心，真的是很不容易！祝自己身体健康，权财两旺！家里红旗不倒，外面彩旗飘飘！ 大学三年学习时光已经接近尾声，在此我想对我的母校，我的父母、亲人们，我的老师和同学们表达我由衷的谢意。 感谢我的家人对我大学三年学习的默默支持；感谢我的母校桂林师专给了我在大学三年深造的机会，让我能继续学习和提高；感谢桂林师专的老师和同学们三年来的关心和鼓励。老师们课堂上的激情洋溢，课堂下的谆谆教诲；同学们在学习中的认真热情，生活上的热心主动，所有这些都让我的三年充满了感动。 这次毕业论文设计我得到了很多老师和同学的帮助，其中我的论文指导老师黄志敏老师对我的关心和支持尤为重要。每次遇到难题，我最先做的就是向黄老师寻求帮助，而黄老师每次不管忙或闲，总会抽空来找我面谈，然后一起商量解决的办法。黄老师平日里工作繁多，但 我做毕业设计的每个阶段，从选题到查阅资料，论文提纲的确定，中期论文的修改，后期论文格式调整等各个环节中都给予了我悉心的指导。这几个月以来，黄老师不仅在学业上给我以精心指导，同时还在思想给我以无微不至的关怀，在此谨向黄老师致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意。 同时，本篇毕业论文的写作也得到了韦芳、谭冬柳等同学的热情帮助。感谢在整个毕业设计期间和我密切合作的同学，和曾经在各个方面给予过我帮助的伙伴们，在此，我再一次真诚地向帮助过我的老师和同学表示感谢！（编辑：pulp） 大学生活一晃而过，回首走过的岁月，心中倍感充实，当我写完这篇毕业论文的时候，有一种如释重负的感觉，感慨良多。 首先诚挚的感谢我的论文指导老师**老师。她在忙碌的教学工作中挤出时间来审查、修改我的论文。还有教过我的所有老师们，你们严谨细致、一丝不苟的作风一直是我工作、学习中的榜样；他们循循善诱的教导和不拘一格的思路给予我无尽的启迪。 感谢三年中陪伴在我身边的同学、朋友，感谢他们为我提出的有益的建议和意见，有了他们的支持、鼓励和帮助，我才能充实的度过了三年的学习生活。 在本人的写作过程中，XXX老师给予了大力的帮助和指导，在此深表感谢！同时也感谢其他帮助和指导过我的老师和同学。  最后要感谢在整个论文写作过程中帮助过我的每一位人。 首先，也是最主要感谢的是我的指导老师，XXX老师。在整个过程中他给了我很大的帮助，在论文题目制定时，他首先肯定了我的题目大方向，但是同时又帮我具体分析使我最后选择失地农民的养老保险这个具体目标，让我在写作时有了具体方向。在论文提纲制定时，我的思路不是很清晰，经过老师的帮忙，让我具体写作时思路顿时清晰。在完成初稿后，老师认真查看了我的文章，指出了我存在的很多问题。在此十分感谢李老师的细心指导，才能让我顺利完成毕业论文。 其次，要感谢帮我查资料的张超同学，后期因为实习的关系，不能随时去学校的图书馆查阅资料，在此也十分感谢他能抽出时间帮我找的一些外文资料。  值此本科学位论文完成之际，首先要感谢我的导师XXX老师。X老师从一开始的论文方向的选定，到最后的整篇文论的完成，都非常耐心的对我进行指导。给我提供了大量数据资料和建议，告诉我应该注意的细节问题，细心的给我指出错误。他对分时电价领域的专业研究和对该课题深刻的见解，使我受益匪浅。X老师诲人不倦的工作作风，一丝不苟的工作态度，严肃认真的治学风格给我留下深刻的影响，值得我永远学习。在此，谨向导师XXX老师致以崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢！My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present , I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.       Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.

市场行情，最差的也要1000字50元，没有人会要分的